A few resources not to miss for studying the John 10 text for this Easter 4C:
Dr. Gregory Jenks at Faith Futures Foundation's AdvanceWord has a list of references to (good) shepherd from both the Hebrew Scriptures, and the New Testament. Jenks writes:
Reflecting the role of shepherd in ancient oriental societies, this term has a rich history as a title for rulers and teachers as well as being a metaphor for God. In the early Christian texts we see this rich complex of traditions being applied to Jesus.
In Girardian Reflections on the Lectionary for Easter 4C, Paul Nuechterlein suggests a context for the Good Shepherd passages within the narrative flow of the gospel of John. Neuchterlein cites Gil Bailie: The most important reference to sheep in the New Testament is sacrificial. Sheep are the sacrificial animals par excellence...If we are correct in suggesting that the ones who come in by the gate are victims, then the thieves and bandits are those who manipulate the system by redirecting its sacrificiality towards more expendable victims.
Another resource not to miss for this week is "The 'Noble' Shepherd in John 10: Cultural And Rhetorical Background," by Jerome H. Neyrey, Journal of Biblical Literature 120 (2001): 267-91. In this article, Neyrey examines the "Good" ("Noble") Shepherd passages in John 10, from within the context of "noble" death in Hellenistic culture. Neyrey understands these "Good Shepherd" passages to be critical to our understanding of Jesus' death in the Gospel of John, and critical to the theme of the gospel itself:
Therefore, in addition to the our reading of John 10:11-18 and 11:45-52 in light of the rhetoric of a noble death, other passages and themes in the gospel seem to contain either direct references to the noble shepherd material or to illustrate one or another of the criteria which serve to qualify a death as noble. In this sense, "noble death" is not just another aspect of John's presentation of the death of Jesus, as are sacrifice or departure. It might be said to emerge as the dominant articulation of Jesus' death in the Fourth Gospel.
How can we use comparative texts and "historical contexts", both within our scriptural texts and outside of them, in preaching and teaching within congregations? How do we use them for our own personal understanding of a text, not just for historical information, but for "meaning"? What is the relationship between our understanding of the context of a specific text, its original function within its culture, and our own responsibility for communicating the text within a congregational setting?